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Finance & Business · 金融商务英语每日精选
August 25, 2026 · 2026年08月25日
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Today's Vocabulary 8 words
countervailing duty n. /ˈkaʊntərˌveɪlɪŋ ˈdjuːtɪ/
DEFA tariff imposed by an importing country to offset subsidies provided by the exporting country’s government to its domestic producers, thereby leveling the competitive playing field.
EX The EU imposed a countervailing duty of 18.7% on imported Chinese electric vehicle batteries after finding evidence of state-backed production grants.
反补贴税
欧盟在发现中国对电动汽车电池生产提供政府补贴后,对该进口产品征收了18.7%的反补贴税。
confirmed letter of credit n. /kənˈfɜːmd ˈletər əv krɛdɪt/
DEFA letter of credit that carries the additional guarantee of a second, reputable bank (usually in the beneficiary’s country), making payment obligations binding even if the issuing bank defaults.
EX To secure a first-time export deal with a Nigerian importer, the Ghanaian supplier insisted on a confirmed letter of credit issued by Standard Bank Nigeria and confirmed by Absa Bank South Africa.
保兑信用证
为确保与尼日利亚进口商的首次出口交易,加纳供应商坚持要求由标准银行尼日利亚分行开立、南非阿布萨银行保兑的信用证。
freight forwarder n. /ˈfrɛt ˈfɔːr wərdər/
DEFA licensed logistics intermediary that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to the final point of distribution, handling documentation, customs brokerage, and multimodal transport coordination.
EX The Vietnamese textile exporter engaged a Singapore-based freight forwarder to consolidate container loads from three Ho Chi Minh City factories and manage FOB-to-CIF transition under Incoterm® CPT to Rotterdam.
货运代理
越南纺织品出口商委托一家新加坡货运代理公司,整合胡志明市三家工厂的集装箱货载,并在Incoterm® CPT条款下管理从FOB到CIF的转运,将货物运抵鹿特丹。
customs bond n. /ˈkʌstəmz bɒnd/
DEFA financial guarantee, typically issued by a surety company, that ensures payment of duties, taxes, and fees owed to customs authorities when goods are released before final clearance is completed.
EX U.S. importers of high-value pharmaceutical ingredients must post a continuous customs bond with U.S. Customs and Border Protection to facilitate immediate release upon arrival at JFK Airport.
海关担保
美国高价值药品原料进口商须向美国海关与边境保护局提交连续性海关担保,以便货物抵达肯尼迪机场后立即放行。
export factoring n. /ˈɛkspɔːrt ˈfæk.tər.ɪŋ/
DEFA trade finance mechanism where an exporter sells its accounts receivable from overseas buyers to a factor at a discount, receiving immediate cash while the factor assumes credit risk and handles collections.
EX A Polish machinery exporter used export factoring with a Warsaw-based factor to convert €2.3 million in 90-day open-account receivables from a Turkish buyer into 85% upfront liquidity, net of fees and reserve.
出口保理
一家波兰机械设备出口商通过华沙本地保理商开展出口保理业务,将其对土耳其买家的230万欧元90天赊销应收账款折价转让,获得85%的即期资金(扣除费用和准备金)。
transshipment hub n. /trænzˈʃɪp.mənt ˈhʌb/
DEFA strategically located port or logistics center where cargo is temporarily offloaded, stored, and reloaded onto another vessel or conveyance for onward international shipment—often critical for routing efficiency and regulatory circumvention mitigation.
EX Jebel Ali Port in Dubai functions as a key transshipment hub for Central Asian exporters avoiding direct Iran-related sanctions exposure while maintaining access to European markets.
中转枢纽港
迪拜杰贝阿里港是中亚出口商的关键中转枢纽港,使其在规避涉伊朗制裁风险的同时,仍可进入欧洲市场。
drawback scheme n. /ˈdrɔːbæk skuːm/
DEFA customs program allowing exporters to reclaim duties, taxes, or fees paid on imported inputs that are subsequently incorporated into goods exported out of the country.
EX Under Mexico’s drawback scheme, an automotive parts assembler in Monterrey recovered 92% of the 16% IVA (VAT) paid on imported Japanese steel coils used in exported brake calipers bound for Canada.
退税计划
根据墨西哥的退税计划,蒙特雷一家汽车零部件组装厂收回了其用于出口加拿大制动卡钳的日本进口钢材所缴纳的16%增值税(IVA)中的92%。
incoterms® rule DPU n. /ˈɪn.koʊ.tɜːrmz ruːl diː pjuː juː/
DEFAn Incoterms® 2020 rule specifying that the seller delivers when the goods are placed, ready for unloading, at a named place of destination — bearing all risks and costs up to that point, including import clearance if agreed.
EX The contract for German industrial robots shipped to a Chilean semiconductor fab specified DPU Santiago International Airport, meaning the German exporter handled all transport, insurance, and Chilean customs formalities prior to aircraft unloading.
Incoterms® DPU规则(目的地卸货后交货)
德国工业机器人运往智利半导体工厂的合同规定采用DPU圣地亚哥国际机场条款,意味着德国出口商须承担所有运输、保险及智利海关清关手续,直至货物在机场卸货完毕。
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Today's Reading
Market Analysis ⏱ 5 min read ~358 words
Philippines’ Export Growth: Electronics, Services, and New Opportunities
How the Philippines is strengthening its global trade position through electronics exports, business process outsourcing, and rising foreign investment.
点击单词 → 朗读+释义 · 选中文字 → 翻译/朗读

The Philippines continues to grow as an important player in Asia’s export economy. In 2025, the country’s total exports reached over $70 billion — a steady increase from previous years. Much of this growth comes from electronics, especially semiconductors and computer parts. These products make up nearly 45% of all Philippine exports. Many global tech companies rely on local factories for assembly and testing, making the country a key link in international supply chains.

Beyond electronics, business process outsourcing (BPO) remains a major strength. Though BPO is a service — not a physical product — it counts as an 'invisibles export' in national trade data. Call centers, IT support, and digital marketing services earned the Philippines more than $30 billion in foreign exchange in 2025. This sector employs over 1.5 million people and helps balance trade by bringing in strong dollar income.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Philippines has also improved recently. In 2025, approved FDI rose by 12% year-on-year, reaching $12.4 billion. Most new investments went into manufacturing, renewable energy projects, and logistics infrastructure. Government efforts — such as tax breaks for export-oriented firms and upgrades to ports and industrial parks — have made the country more attractive to investors from Japan, South Korea, and the United States.

However, challenges remain. The Philippines still imports more than it exports in basic goods like food, fuel, and machinery. This trade deficit means the country depends heavily on strong service exports and remittances from overseas workers to keep its balance of payments stable. Also, while electronics exports are growing, most value is added during assembly — not design or research — so profits stay relatively low compared to advanced manufacturing nations.

Looking ahead, policymakers are focusing on upgrading industries. New government programs aim to help local suppliers join global electronics supply chains, train workers in automation and green technology, and expand export markets beyond traditional partners like the US and Japan. For example, trade talks with the European Union and ASEAN countries could open doors for Philippine medical devices, processed foods, and sustainable textiles. Success will depend on improving transport links, electricity reliability, and digital connectivity across provinces.

Key Phrases · 关键短语
business process outsourcing (BPO)业务流程外包
foreign direct investment (FDI)外国直接投资
trade deficit贸易逆差
supply chain供应链
export-oriented firms出口导向型企业
balance of payments国际收支平衡
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THINK ABOUT IT
If the Philippines wants to earn more profit from electronics exports, should it focus on building local brands and R&D — or continue improving its role as a reliable manufacturing partner? Why?
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